TRANSCRIPT
Trng THPT Anh sn 3 2011
Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2010-
CHUYN V ESTE- LIPITA. KIN THC C BN CN chúng tôi thc tng qut ca este: * Este no n chc: CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 (n 0, m 1) Nu t x = n + m + 1 th CxH2xO2 (x 2) R C O R’ * Este a chc to t axit n chc v ru a chc: (RCOO)nR * Este a chc to t axit a chc v ru n chc R(COOR)n O Tn gi ca este hu c:
gc axit
gc ru
Trng THPT Anh sn 3 2011
Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2010-
Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 20102011 21 Thu phn hon ton 13,2 gam este no, n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M (va ) thu c 4,8 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l A. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Metyl propionat D. Propyl axetat 22. Thu phn hon ton mt este no, n chc, mch h X vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M (va ) thu c 18,4 gam ancol Y v 32,8 gam mt mui Z. Tn gi ca X l A. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Metyl axetat D. Propyl axetat 23. Thu phn este X c CTPT C4H8O2 trong dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp hai cht hu c Y v Z trong Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16. X c cng thc l A. HCOOC3H7 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H5 D. C2H5COOCH3
Ch s axt ca cht bo: L s miligam KOH cn trung ho lng axit bo t do c trong 1 gam cht bo. V(ml). CM. 56 Cng thc:
Ch s axt =
mcht bo(g) Ch s x phng ho ca cht bo: l tng s miligam KOH cn trung ho lng axit tdo v x phng ho ht lng este trong 1 gam cht bo Cng thc:
V(ml). CM. 56 mcht bo(g)
Ch s x phng =
28. X phng ho hon ton 2,5g cht bo cn 50ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s x phng ho ca cht bo l: A. 280 B. 140 C. 112 D. 224 29. Muon trung hoa 5,6 gam mot chat beo X o can 6ml dung dch KOH 0,1M . Hay tnh ch so axit cua chat beo X va tnh lng KOH can trung hoa 4 gam chat beo co ch so axit bang 7 ? A. 4 va 26mg KOH B. 6 va 28 mg KOH C. 5 va 14mg KOH D. 3 va 56mg KOH Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X 3
Trng THPT Anh sn 3 Ti liu n thi i hc nm 20102011 30. Mun trung ho 2,8 gam cht bo cn 3 ml dd KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca cht bo l A.2 B.5 C.6 D.10 31. trung ho 4 cht bo c ch s axit l 7. Khi lng ca KOH l: A.28 mg B.280 mg C.2,8 mg D.0,28 mg 32. trung ho 14 gam mt cht bo cn 1,5 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Ch s axit ca cht bo l A. 6 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8 33. trung ha lng axit t do c trong 14 gam mt mu cht bo cn 15ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l (Cho H = 1; O = 16; K = 39) A. 4,8 B. 6,0 C. 5,5 D. 7,2 34. x phng ho hon ton 2,52g mt lipt cn dng 90ml dd NaOH 0,1M. Tnh ch s x phng ca lipit A. 100 B. 200 C. 300 D. 400 35. trung ho axt t do c trong 5,6g lipt cn 6ml dd NaOH 0,1M. Ch s axt ca cht bo l: A. 5 B. 6 C. 5,5 D. 6,5
Siu tm v bin son: Nguyn Vn X
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Trng THPT Anh sn 3 2011
Ti liu n thi i hc nm 2010-
DANG chúng tôi HAI CHT HU C N CHC (MCH H) TC DNG VI KIM TO RA 1. Hai mui v mt ancol th 2 cht hu c c th l: RCOOR ‘ RCOOR ‘ (1) hoc (2) R1COOR ‘ R1COOH – nancol = nNaOH hai cht hu c cng thc tng qut (1) – nancol < nNaOH hai cht hu c cng thc tng qut (2) VD1: Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c. Cho hn hp X phn ng va vi dung dch KOH th cn ht 100 ml dung dch KOH 5M. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp hai mui ca hai axit no n chc v c mt ru no n chc Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi Natri c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Hai hp cht hu c thuc loi cht g? HD Theo ta c: nKOH = 0,1.5 = 0,5 mol Ancol no n chc Y: CnH2n+1OH 1 CnH2n+1OH + Na CnH2n+1ONa + H2 2 0,3 mol 0,15 mol Thu phn hai cht hu c thu c hn hp hai mui v mt ancol Y vi nY < nKOH Vy hai cht hu c l: este v axit VD2: Hn hp M gm hai hp cht hu c mch thng X v Y ch cha (C, H, O) tc dng va ht 8 gam NaOH thu c ru n chc v hai mui ca hai axit hu c n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Lng ru thu c cho tc dng vi natri d to ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). X, Y thuc lai hp cht g? HD nNaOH = 0,2 mol nAncol = 0,2 mol Thu phn hai cht hu c X, Y v thu c s mol nAncol = nNaOH. Vy X, Y l hai este. 2. Mt mui v mt ancol th hai cht hu c c th l: – Mt este v mt ancol c gc hidrocacbon ging ru trong este: RCOOR1 v R1OH – Mt este v mt axit c gc hidrocacbon ging trong este: RCOOR1 v RCOOH – Mt axit v mt ancol. 3. Mt mui v hai ancol